The Absence of Confounding Variables Assures

question 41

Multiple Choice

The absence of confounding variables assures

• A) external validity.
• B) experimental realism.
• C) internal validity.
• D) alternative explanations.

---

Definitions:

Scapula

A flat, triangular bone located in the upper back, commonly known as the shoulder blade.

Levator Scapulae

A muscle located in the side and back of the neck that elevates the shoulder blade.

Serratus Anterior

A muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula.

Pectoralis Minor

A thin, triangular muscle located beneath the pectoralis major in the chest, which plays a role in movements of the shoulder.