Which of the Following Is an Example of Reasoning Through

question 41

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of reasoning through uniformitarian principles, rather then simple analogy?

• A) Ethnographic data on the hunting and gathering Shoshone in Nevada suggest that in the 19th century the Shoshone lived in groups of about 25 people; therefore prehistoric people who lived in the same area with the same economy also lived in groups of about 25.
• B) Ethnographic data from all over the world show that hunter-gatherers live in groups of about 25 people; therefore prehistoric hunter-gatherers in the deserts of Nevada also lived in groups of about 25 people.
• C) It has been demonstrated using ethnographic data that in a variety of different kinds of environments a group of hunter-gatherers of about 25 people contains about 7 active hunters and this number is sufficient to ensure that someone comes home with game each day; increasing the number of hunters beyond 7 increases the amount of food needed for the group but does not appreciably increase the chance that some hunter will come home with game; thus we argue that prehistoric hunter-gatherers also lived in groups of about 25 people.
• D) Ethnographic data on highly nomadic hunter-gatherers in desert environments who depend heavily on plants for food rather than on animals show that they live in groups of about 25 people; since prehistoric foragers in the Great Basin deserts were highly nomadic and heavily dependent on plant foods we argue that prehistoric peoples there lived in groups of 25 people.

Recognize the uses and effects of different substances among adolescents.

Identify the consequences of marijuana use in adolescence.

Understand the concept of role confusion in adolescent development.

Assess the reasons for the decrease in juvenile criminal behavior.

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Definitions:

Advertising Expense

A cost incurred by a business to promote its products, services, or brand names.

Indirect Materials

Materials that are used in the production process but are not directly traceable to a finished product, such as lubricants and cleaning supplies used in a manufacturing facility.

Prime Cost

The combined direct costs of manufacturing a product, specifically direct materials and direct labor.

Plant Janitor's Wages

The compensation paid to janitorial staff responsible for cleaning and maintaining industrial or manufacturing facilities.