In the Unweighted Pair Group Method (UPGMA) of Determining Evolutionary

question 27

Multiple Choice

In the unweighted pair group method (UPGMA) of determining evolutionary relationships,

• A) a distance matrix is first constructed.
• B) a constant rate of evolution across all lineages is assumed.
• C) each set of taxa is connected by the shortest genetic distance.
• D) A, B, and C
• E) A and B only

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Definitions:

Tendons

Fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones.

Extensor Muscle

A muscle whose contraction extends or straightens a joint, often opposing a flexor muscle that bends the joint.

Arm

The upper limb of the human body, extending from the shoulder to the hand.

Leg

The leg is the part of the lower limb in humans between the knee and the ankle, comprising bones, muscles, blood vessels, and nerves that support locomotion and weight bearing.