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You are considering 2 bonds that will be issued tomorrow.Both are rated triple B (BBB, the lowest investment-grade rating), both mature in 20 years, both have a 10% coupon, neither can be called except for sinking fund purposes, and both are offered to you at their $1,000 par values.However, Bond SF has a sinking fund while Bond NSF does not.Under the sinking fund, the company must call and pay off 5% of the bonds at par each year.The yield curve at the time is upward sloping.The bond's prices, being equal, are probably not in equilibrium, as Bond SF, which has the sinking fund, would generally be expected to have a higher yield than Bond NSF.
Pretax Income
The income that a company earns before any taxes are deducted, representing the profitability of the company before government intervention.
Break-even Point
The level of production or sales at which total costs equal total revenues, resulting in no profit or loss.
Fixed Costs
Costs that are constant regardless of the volume of goods or services produced by a company, including lease payments and maintenance expenditures.
Variable Costs
Disbursements that are contingent upon the magnitude of production or sales transactions.
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