What Error in Reasoning Is Exemplified by the Following Statement

question 211

Multiple Choice

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
The New England Journal oMedicine has discovered that countries that consume the most chocolate have produced over time the greatest number oNobel Prize winners. Therefore, iyou want to increase your chances owinning a Nobel Prize, you should eat plenty ochocolate.

• A) circular thinking
• B) hasty generalization
• C) invalid analogy
• D) false cause
• E) faulty deduction

Identify the role of opportunity cost in economic decisions.

Understand how market failure can affect economic efficiency.

Appreciate the impact of incentives on individual and collective decision-making.

Realize the importance of trade and specialization in improving economic outcomes.

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Definitions:

Law of Immediate Reinforcement

A principle stating that behaviors are more likely to be repeated when they are immediately followed by a positive reinforcement.

Desirable Behaviour

Actions or reactions that are preferred or encouraged within a specific context due to their positive outcomes or alignment with set norms.

Reinforcing Value

The increase in likelihood of a behavior reoccurring, due to the positive outcomes or rewards associated with it.

Negative Reinforcement

A behavior modification technique that increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing or avoiding a negative outcome or stimulus.