Which of the Following Has NOT Contributed to the Decreasing

question 15

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has NOT contributed to the decreasing birth rates in Russia and the post-Soviet states during the Soviet era and afterwards?

• A) family matriarchs aging rapidly and requiring their daughters and daughters-in-law to care for them rather than have children
• B) retirement pensions
• C) severe housing shortages
• D) increased opportunities for women to become educated and work outside the home

---

Definitions:

Stroma

The supportive tissue framework of an organ, or the dense fluid within chloroplasts where the Calvin cycle occurs in photosynthesis.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algal cells that conducts photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

ATP Synthase Complex

An enzyme complex that synthesizes ATP, the cell's energy currency, using a proton gradient across the membrane.

Cellular Respiration

A metabolic process that converts glucose into ATP, releasing energy for cellular processes, occurring in the mitochondria of cells.