Which of the Following Statements About an Electrochemical Gradient Is

question 14

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about an electrochemical gradient is FALSE?

• A)It involves a concentration gradient and the membrane potential.
• B)It involves a concentration gradient and the total electrical gradient.
• C)It is the driving force for the movement of charged and uncharged substances across a membrane.
• D)Plant cells maintain an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.
• E)Plant cells maintain an electrochemical gradient across the tonoplast.

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Definitions:

Contribution Margin Ratio

The percentage of each sale that contributes to covering fixed costs, calculated as (Sales - Variable Costs) / Sales.

Margin of Safety

The difference between actual sales and the break-even point, measuring the risk of not covering fixed costs.

Pre-tax Income

The amount of income earned by an individual or company before any taxes have been deducted.

Variable Costs

Costs that vary directly with the level of production or service activity, such as raw materials and labor hours.