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Which of the Following Compares the Differences Observed Between the Groups

question 21

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Which of the following compares the differences observed between the groups to the differences one would normally expect on the basis of chance alone and then compute the probability that the results would have been obtained solely by chance.


Definitions:

Noise Pollution

Unwanted or harmful outdoor sound caused by human activities, such as traffic, construction, or industrial actions, that can have health effects.

Light Pollution

The brightening of the night sky caused by streetlights and other man-made sources, which has a disruptive effect on natural cycles and inhibits the observation of stars and planets.

Water Pollution

The contamination of water bodies (e.g., lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers) with harmful substances caused by human activities, leading to detrimental effects on aquatic life and human health.

Hearing Damage

Impairment or loss of auditory function, often caused by exposure to loud noise, disease, or aging, affecting communication and quality of life.

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