An Observer's Tendency to Be Influenced by Knowledge About the Research

question 97

Multiple Choice

An observer's tendency to be influenced by knowledge about the research design or hypothesis is:

• A)a naturalistic observation
• B)participant observation
• C)observer bias
• D)reactivity

---

Definitions:

Type II Error

Error that occurs when the alternative hypothesis is true but the decision is made to not reject the null hypothesis.

Nonparametric Test

A type of statistical test that does not assume the data comes from a particular distribution, often used when data doesn't meet the assumptions of parametric tests.

Measure of Effect Size

A quantitative expression of the magnitude of a phenomenon or effect size, used to assess the relationship or difference between variables in a statistical analysis.

Expected Frequencies

Expected frequencies refer to the anticipated count of occurrences in each category of a distribution, based on a probability model or theory, used in chi-square testing.