Which of the Following Threats to Internal Validity Would Apply

question 9

Multiple Choice

Which of the following threats to internal validity would apply if only subjects who showed an effect on the manipulation check were included in subsequent data analyses?

• A) History
• B) Testing
• C) Attrition
• D) Selection

---

Definitions:

Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter and hormone involved in the body's fight or flight response, affecting mood and arousal.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical substances in the nervous system that transmit signals between neurons or from neurons to muscles, influencing many aspects of both physical and psychological function.

Unipolar Depression

A significant depressive disorder defined by continuous feelings of sadness or a disinterest in outside stimuli.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter in the brain associated with pleasure, movement, and the brain's reward system.