What Did Goddard Report as the Primary Culprit of the Low

question 35

Multiple Choice

What did Goddard report as the primary culprit of the low intelligence scores of immigrants?

• A) linguistic barriers
• B) environmental deprivation
• C) poor testing conditions
• D) none of the above

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcer

A fundamental stimulus that satisfies basic survival needs and is naturally reinforcing, such as food or water.

Secondary Reinforcer

Also known as a conditioned reinforcer, it is a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer.

Operant Conditioning

The process of learning in which the vigor of an action is transformed by applying punishments or reinforcements.

Reinforcers

In operant conditioning, stimuli that increase the frequency of the behavior they follow, either through positive reinforcement (adding a stimulus) or negative reinforcement (removing a stimulus).