Which Statement About the Pathophysiology of Lower Urinary Tract Infections

question 10

Multiple Choice

Which statement about the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) is true?

• A)The low osmolarity of urine diminishes bacterial viability in the bladder.
• B)Any obstruction of urinary outflow decreases the bladder's resistance to bacterial infection.
• C)Immunoglobulin A (IgA) facilitates adherence of bacteria to the bladder wall.
• D)The presence of IgA in women decreases the ability to combat bacterial invasion of the bladder.

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Definitions:

Hydrogen Bonds

Weak bonds between two molecules caused by the electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

Adenine And Thymine

Adenine and Thymine are complementary nitrogenous bases in DNA, where Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) through hydrogen bonding.

Nucleotide Excision Repair

A DNA repair mechanism that removes and correctly replaces a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a template.

Nuclease

An enzyme that helps in breaking down nucleic acids by cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.