When Producers (Say, of Roads) Are Not Able to Make

question 219

Multiple Choice

When producers (say, of roads) are not able to make all consumers pay for enjoying their product (i.e., the roads) , they tend to see a

• A) marginal cost of production that is too low, and there is a supply-side market failure.
• B) marginal benefit of production that is too high, and there is a demand-side market failure.
• C) marginal cost of production that is too high, and there is a supply-side market failure.
• D) marginal benefit of production that is too low, and there is a demand-side market failure.

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Definitions:

Zone of Proximal Development

A concept in developmental psychology which suggests that learning occurs in a region between a child's ability to perform a task under adult guidance and their ability to solve it independently.

Temperament

The combination of mental, physical, and emotional traits of a person; natural predisposition.

Thomas and Chess

Psychologists who are known for their research in child temperament, identifying nine temperamental characteristics that they argue influence an individual's personality development.

Irregular Schedules

Reinforcement schedules in operant conditioning where the reinforcement is provided after unpredictable numbers of responses or intervals of time, leading to variable patterns of behavior.