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By reducing its output compared to a competitive market, a monopoly leads to
P(B)
The probability notation referring to the likelihood of event B occurring.
Independent
Not influenced by or contingent upon others; describes variables that operate without interference from other variables.
P(B|A)
The probability of event B occurring given that event A has already occurred, indicating a conditional probability.
P(A and B)
The likelihood of event A and event B happening simultaneously.
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