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For the following, try to come up with an additional premise that will turn the passage into a deductively valid or an inductively strong argument. Usually this requires adding a general moral principle and, sometimes, an extra nonmoral claim as well. The idea is to guarantee that the "ought" claim follows from the "is" claim.
Mortimer did the right thing when he decided to start a regular deduction from his paycheck on behalf of the United Way.
Internal Validity
The extent to which the design and conduct of a study allow for accurate attribution of outcomes to the intervention or treatment, rather than to confounding variables.
Nonequivalent Control Group Design
A quasi-experimental research design where the experimental group and control group may not be strictly comparable at the outset of the experiment, lacking random assignment.
Selection Differences
Differences in the type of subjects who make up each group in an experimental design; this situation occurs whenparticipants elect which groupthey are to be assigned to.
Independent Variable
In experimental research, the factor that is altered by the scientist to observe how it affects a dependent variable.
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