Determine Whether the Following Symbolized Argument Is Valid or Invalid

question 21

Essay

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
(B v D) → F
~F/∴ ~D

---

Definitions:

Closed-Loop Control

A control system methodology where the control action is dependent on the output, incorporating feedback to adjust and correct the system's operation.

Controller Receives

Refers to the action when a control device accepts or processes an input signal or instruction to manage or manipulate a process or operation.

Centralized Control

Centralized control refers to a system architecture where control decisions and processes are managed from a single, central point or location.

Communicating

The process of exchanging information between two or more devices or components in a system, often essential for the coordination and operation of industrial processes.