Use the Wilcoxon Signed -Ranks Test to Test the Claim

question 36

Essay

Use the Wilcoxon signed -ranks test to test the claim that the matched pairs have differences that come from a population with a median equal to zero. Eleven runners are timed at the 100-
meter dash and are timed again one month later after following a new training program. The
times (in seconds)are shown in the table. Use Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test and a significance
level of 0.05 to test the claim that the training has no effect on the times. $$\begin{array} { l l l l l l l l l l l l } \text { Before } & 12.1 & 12.4 & 11.7 & 11.5 & 11.0 & 11.8 & 12.3 & 10.8 & 12.6 & 12.7 & 10.7 \\\hline \text { After } & 11.9 & 12.4 & 11.8 & 11.4 & 11.2 & 11.5 & 12.0 & 10.9 & 12.0 & 12.2 & 11.1\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Identification

A psychological process in which an individual assimilates an aspect, property, or attribute of the other and is transformed, wholly or partially, after the model the other provides.

Self-Esteem

An individual's subjective evaluation of their own worth, or the confidence and satisfaction in oneself.

Defence Mechanism

refers to unconscious psychological strategies used to protect oneself from anxiety or social sanctions and to maintain self-esteem.

Reaction Formation

A defense mechanism whereby unacceptable thoughts or impulses are converted into their opposite within the individual's consciousness.