Use the Wilcoxon Signed -Ranks Test to Test the Claim

question 36

Essay

Use the Wilcoxon signed -ranks test to test the claim that the matched pairs have differences that come from a population with a median equal to zero. Eleven runners are timed at the 100-
meter dash and are timed again one month later after following a new training program. The
times (in seconds)are shown in the table. Use Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test and a significance
level of 0.05 to test the claim that the training has no effect on the times. $$\begin{array} { l l l l l l l l l l l l } \text { Before } & 12.1 & 12.4 & 11.7 & 11.5 & 11.0 & 11.8 & 12.3 & 10.8 & 12.6 & 12.7 & 10.7 \\\hline \text { After } & 11.9 & 12.4 & 11.8 & 11.4 & 11.2 & 11.5 & 12.0 & 10.9 & 12.0 & 12.2 & 11.1\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Critical Period

A specific time in development during which an organism is particularly sensitive to certain stimuli, leading to irreversible outcomes.

Visual Experience

The perception of sights or colors through the eyes, contributing to how we interpret and navigate the environment.

Perceptual Set

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

Stereotypes

Overgeneralized beliefs about a particular group or category of people that can lead to prejudiced attitudes and behaviors.