Refer to the Table Which Summarizes the Results of Testing

question 25

Multiple Choice

Refer to the table which summarizes the results of testing for a certain disease $\begin{array}{l|cc} & \begin{array}{l}\text { Positive } \\\text { Test Result }\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text { Negative } \\\text { Test Result }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Subject has the disease } & 87 & 9 \\\text { Subject does not have the disease } & 27 & 312\end{array}$

A test subject is randomly selected and tested for the disease. What is the probability the subject has the disease given that the test result is negative?

• A) \(0.094\)
• B) \(0.028\)
• C) \(0.972\)
• D) \(0.221\)

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Definitions:

Perceptual Tendency

The inclination to perceive or interpret information in a particular way, often influenced by past experiences and biases.

Proximity

Refers to being near or close to something or someone, often implying a relationship influenced by physical or emotional closeness.

Similarity

A principle in psychology that items that are similar in some aspect are more likely to be grouped together in the perceptual process.

Common Fate

A principle of Gestalt psychology where individuals tend to perceive elements as part of a group if they move together in the same direction.