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Express as the logarithm of a single expression. Assume that variables represent positive numbers.
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Positive Reinforcer
A stimulus that, when presented after a behavior, increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
Unconditioned Response
A natural, automatic reaction to a stimulus that occurs without prior learning or conditioning.
Conditioned Response
A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with an unconditioned stimulus through conditioning.
Operant Behaviors
Actions or behaviors that are influenced by their consequences, such as rewards or punishments.
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