Explain What Is Meant by the Term "Confounding," and Give

question 29

Essay

Explain what is meant by the term "confounding," and give an example of an experiment in which confounding is likely to be a problem.

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Definitions:

Probability

A measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, often expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

Outcome

The result or effect of an action, situation, or event, often used in experiments to denote the dependent variable being measured.

Deductive Reasoning

The process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion.

Likelihood

A statistical measure of how probable a particular set of observations is, given a model or hypothesis, often used in the context of estimating parameters in statistical models.