(Continuation with the Purchasing Power Parity Question from Chapter 4) $4 ^ { \text {th } }$

question 46

Essay

(continuation with the Purchasing Power Parity question from Chapter 4)
The news-magazine The Economist regularly publishes data on the so called Big
Mac index and exchange rates between countries.The data for 30 countries from
the April 29, 2000 issue is listed below: The concept of purchasing power parity or PPP ("the idea that similar foreign and domestic goods ... should have the same price in terms of the same currency," Abel, A. and B. Bernanke, Macroeconomics, $4 ^ { \text {th } }$ edition, Boston: Addison Wesley, 476) suggests that the ratio of the Big Mac priced in the local currency to the U.S. dollar price should equal the exchange rate between the two countries. 16
After entering the data into your spread sheet program, you calculate the predicted
exchange rate per U.S.dollar by dividing the price of a Big Mac in local currency
by the U.S.price of a Big Mac ($2.51).To test for PPP, you regress the actual
exchange rate on the predicted exchange rate.
The estimated regression is as follows: $$\begin{array} { r l r } \widehat { \text { ActualExRate } = } & - 27.05 + 1.35 \times \operatorname { Pr } \text { edExRate } \quad R ^ { 2 } = 0.994 , n = 29 , S E R = 122.15 \\& \text { (23.74) (0.02) }\end{array}$$ (a)Your spreadsheet program does not allow you to calculate heteroskedasticity
robust standard errors.Instead, the numbers in parenthesis are homoskedasticity
only standard errors.State the two null hypothesis under which PPP holds.Should
you use a one-tailed or two-tailed alternative hypothesis?

Identify factors that cause changes in supply, demand, equilibrium price, and equilibrium quantity.

Analyze the conditions necessary for the invisible hand of market prices to work properly.

Understand the nature of market organization and how competition and property rights foster economic efficiency.

Distinguish the effects of market changes on prices and quantities in specific scenarios.

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