Degrees of Freedom A $\infty$ Amount Of
C $( n - 2 )$

question 4

Short Answer

Degrees of freedom a. in the context of the sample variance formula means that estimating the mean uses up some of the information in the data.
b. is something that certain undergraduate majors at your university/college other than economics seem to have an $\infty$ amount of.
c. are $( n - 2 )$ when replacing the population mean by the sample mean.
d. ensure that $s _ { Y } ^ { 2 } = \sigma _ { Y } ^ { 2 }$ .

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Definitions:

Race

A social construct used to categorize humans into large and distinct populations or groups by heritable physical, social, and cultural traits.

Social-Contract Theory

A theory in political philosophy that posits the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual results from a contract or agreement among the populace or between the rulers and the ruled.

Society

A group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

State

A politically organized community living under a government; the organization of society into a structured political entity with sovereignty over a defined territory.