The GLS Estimator Is Defined as A $\left(\boldsymbol{X}^{\prime} \boldsymbol{\Omega}^{1} \boldsymbol{X}\right)^{-1}\left(\boldsymbol{X}^{\prime} \Omega^{1} \boldsymbol{Y}\right)$

question 11

Short Answer

The GLS estimator is defined as a. $\left(\boldsymbol{X}^{\prime} \boldsymbol{\Omega}^{1} \boldsymbol{X}\right)^{-1}\left(\boldsymbol{X}^{\prime} \Omega^{1} \boldsymbol{Y}\right)$
b. $\left( \boldsymbol { X } ^ { \prime } \boldsymbol { X } \right) ^ { - 1 } \boldsymbol { X } ^ { \prime } \boldsymbol { Y }$ .
c. $A ^ { \prime } Y$ .
d. $\left( \boldsymbol { X } ^ { \prime } \boldsymbol { X } \right) ^ { - 1 } \boldsymbol { X } ^ { \prime } \boldsymbol { U }$ .

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Definitions:

Breakdown Theory

A sociological theory suggesting that social structures may collapse under certain circumstances, leading to social disorder or change.

Anomie

A state of normlessness where societal norms and values are weakened or unclear, leading individuals to feel disconnected from the larger community.

Deprivation

Refers to a state of lacking or denial of basic resources or essentials for human well-being.

Anomie

A state of normlessness within a society or group, where there is a breakdown or absence of social norms and values, often leading to social instability.