Prove That Under the Extended Least Squares Assumptions the OLS $\hat { \boldsymbol { \beta } }$

question 35

Essay

Prove that under the extended least squares assumptions the OLS estimator $\hat { \boldsymbol { \beta } }$ is unbiased and that its variance-covariance matrix is $\sigma _ { u } ^ { 2 } \left( \boldsymbol { X } ^ { \prime } \boldsymbol { X } \right) ^ { - 1 }$

Grasp the importance of price strategy and analysis in marketing planning.

Recognize the use of charts and visual aids in clarifying and presenting marketing plan components effectively.

Appreciate the adaptable nature of marketing plans and the importance of contingency planning.

Understand the concept of mistakes in contract law and their impact on contract validity.

---

Definitions:

Centerline

In statistical process control, the central value around which data points fluctuate, often representing the process average.

Lower Control Limit

The lower control limit is the lower threshold on a control chart in statistical process control, beneath which the process variability is considered to be in a state of control.

P Chart

A type of control chart used to monitor the proportion of nonconforming units in a manufacturing or business process.

Sample Proportion

The fraction of the sample that exhibits a particular attribute or characteristic, often used in survey data.