In Your Intermediate Macroeconomics Course, Government Expenditures and the Money

question 18

Essay

In your intermediate macroeconomics course, government expenditures and the money
supply were treated as exogenous, in the sense that the variables could be changed to
conduct economic policy to influence target variables, but that these variables would not
react to changes in the economy as a result of some fixed rule.The St.Louis Model,
proposed by two researchers at the Federal Reserve in St.Louis, used this idea to test
whether monetary policy or fiscal policy was more effective in influencing output
behavior.Although there were various versions of this model, the basic specification was
of the following type: $$\Delta \ln \left( Y _ { t } \right) = \beta _ { 0 } + \beta _ { 1 } \Delta \ln m _ { t } + \ldots + \beta _ { p } \Delta \ln m _ { t - p - 1 } + \beta _ { p + 1 } \Delta \ln G _ { t } + \ldots + \beta _ { p + q } \Delta \ln G _ { t - q - 1 } + u _ { t }$$ Assuming that money supply and government expenditures are exogenous, how would
you estimate dynamic causal effects? Why do you think this type of model is no longer
used by most to calculate fiscal and monetary multipliers?

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Definitions:

Reward System

A reward system is a structured plan to provide benefits, both monetary and non-monetary, to employees for their work achievements and performance.

Performance Bonuses

Additional financial rewards given to employees for achieving specific performance targets or exceptional work contributions.

Rewards Provided

The various forms of benefits, compensation, and recognition given to employees in acknowledgment of their work performance and contributions.

Compensation Strategy

outlines how an organization plans to reward its employees, balancing between monetary payments and non-monetary benefits.