In the Context of a Controlled Experiment, Consider the Simple $Y _ { i } = \beta _ { 0 } + \beta _ { 1 } X _ { i } + u _ { i } \text {. Let the } Y _ {i}$

question 14

Multiple Choice

In the context of a controlled experiment, consider the simple linear regression formulation $Y _ { i } = \beta _ { 0 } + \beta _ { 1 } X _ { i } + u _ { i } \text {. Let the } Y _ {i}$ be the outcome, $X _ { \mathrm { i } }$ the treatment level, and $u _ { i }$ contain all the additional determinants of the outcome. Then

• A) the OLS estimator of the slope will be inconsistent in the case of a randomly assigned \(X _ { i }\) since there are omitted variables present.
• B) \(X _ { \mathrm { j } } \text { and } u _ { \mathrm { i } }\) will be independently distributed if the \(X _ { \mathrm { i } }\) be are randomly assigned.
• C) \(\beta _ { 0 }\) represents the causal effect of X on Y when X is zero.
• D) \(E ( Y \mid X = 0 )\) is the expected value for the treatment group.

Differentiate between various theories of justice (Utilitarian, Rawlsian) regarding income distribution.

Recognize the economic and political considerations in implementing income redistribution policies.

Comprehend the role of marginal utility in income redistribution and its effect on total utility.

Analyze the ethical implications of providing basic necessities to all members of a society.

---

Definitions:

Self-insight

The understanding and awareness an individual has of their own personality traits, behaviors, and feelings.

Psychodynamic Therapy

A type of depth psychology aimed at uncovering the unconscious aspects of a client's mind to reduce psychic tension.

Group Therapy

Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.

Individual Therapy

A form of psychotherapy where one-on-one sessions between a therapist and a client focus on the client's issues and ways to resolve them.