When There Is a Single Instrument and Single Regressor, the TSLS

question 39

Short Answer

When there is a single instrument and single regressor, the TSLS estimator for the slope can be calculated as follows a. $\widehat { \beta } _ { 1 } ^ { T S L S } = \frac { s _ { Z Y } } { s _ { Z X } }$ .

b. $\widehat { \beta } _ { 1 } ^ { \text {TSLS } } = \frac { s _ { X Y } } { s _ { X } ^ { 2 } }$ .

c. $\widehat { \beta } _ { 1 } ^ { \text {TSLS } } = \frac { s _ { Z X } } { s _ { Z Y } }$ .

d. $\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } ^ { T L L S } = \frac { s _ { Z Y } } { s _ { Z } ^ { 2 } }$ .

---

Definitions:

Letters

Characters that are used in an alphabet to represent sounds and form words.

Word Superiority Effect

A phenomenon in cognitive psychology that people have better recognition of letters presented within words as opposed to isolated letters or letters within non-words.

Familiar Word

A word that is well-known or easily recognized by an individual, contributing to easier understanding and processing of language.

Letter

In this context, "Letter" is not specifically defined as a psychological or physiological term; thus, it might be referring to a form of written communication.