(Requires Appendix Material and Calculus)The Logarithm of the Likelihood Function

question 15

Essay

(Requires Appendix material and Calculus)The logarithm of the likelihood function (L)
for estimating the population mean and variance for an i.i.d.normal sample is as follows
(note that taking the logarithm of the likelihood function simplifies maximization.It is a
monotonic transformation of the likelihood function, meaning that this transformation
does not affect the choice of maximum): $$L = - \frac { n } { 2 } \log \left( 2 \pi \sigma ^ { 2 } \right) - \frac { 1 } { 2 \sigma ^ { 2 } } \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } \left( Y _ { i } - \mu _ { Y } \right) ^ { 2 }$$
Derive the maximum likelihood estimator for the mean and the variance.How do they
differ, if at all, from the OLS estimator? Given that the OLS estimators are unbiased,
what can you say about the maximum likelihood estimators here? Is the estimator for the
variance consistent?

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An estimate of the sales revenue and sales volume expected for a future period, forming a basis for other business planning.

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The total depreciation that has been recorded for an asset since its acquisition, reflecting its reduction in value over time.

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The total amount of work time needed by employees to produce a good or service, often used in budgeting and planning manufacturing processes.