Determine Whether Each of the Following "Theorems" Is True or False

question 4

True/False

determine whether each of the following "theorems" is true or false. Assume that a, b, c,
d, and m are integers with m > 1.
- $$\text { If } a \equiv b \left( \bmod m ^ { 2 } \right) , \text { then } a \equiv b ( \bmod m ) \text {. }$$

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Definitions:

Hull's Model

A theoretical framework by Clark Hull that describes behavior as the result of internal drives, habits, and the outcomes of previous actions.

Associative Approach

A learning theory emphasizing the formation of associations between stimuli and responses.

Acquired Drives

Secondary drives that are learned through experience, such as ambition or desire for achievement, rather than those based on biological needs.

Instrumental Conditioning

A conditioning procedure in which the environment constrains the opportunity for reward and a specific behavior can obtain reward.