If R= $\{ ( x , y ) \mid x$

question 12

Essay

If R= $\{ ( x , y ) \mid x$ and $y$ are bit strings containing the same number of 0s}, find the equivalence classes of
(a) 1 .
(b) 00 .
(c) 101 .

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Definitions:

MBCA

Model Business Corporation Act, a set of model laws to standardize legislation governing corporations in the U.S.

Mandatory Indemnification

A legal requirement for a party to compensate for loss or damage incurred by another, often found in corporate bylaws and insurance policies.

Directors

Individuals elected by shareholders to oversee the management and make major decisions for a corporation.

Severe Liability

refers to a legal situation where an individual or entity is held heavily responsible for damages or violations, often in cases of gross negligence or intentional misconduct.