The Data Represent the Measure of a Variable Before and After

question 103

Essay

The data represent the measure of a variable before and after a treatment. Does the sample evidence suggestthat the treatment is effective in increasing the value of the response variable? Use the α = 0.01 level ofsignificance. Assume that the differenced data come from a population that is normally distributed with nooutliers. $$\begin{array} { c | c c c c c c c } \text { Subject } & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } & \text { E } & \text { F } & \text { G } \\\hline \text { Before, } X _ { \mathrm { i } } & 9.4 & 9.7 & 9.6 & 9.5 & 9.4 & 9.4 & 9.5 \\\hline \text { After, } \mathrm { Y } _ { \mathrm { i } } & 9.5 & 9.9 & 9.6 & 9.4 & 9.5 & 9.7 & 9.3\end{array}$$

---

Definitions:

Employee Conflict

Disagreements or disputes between employees within an organization, which can be based on personal or professional issues.

Workplace Norms

The shared expectations and rules that guide behavior of people within an organization, contributing to its culture.

Incivility

Rude or unsociable speech or behavior that disrupts the harmony and respect between individuals in the workplace.

Principal Sources

The original or main origin from which something is derived or obtained.