Determine Whether the Statement Is a Self-Contradiction, an Implication, a Tautology

question 58

Multiple Choice

Determine whether the statement is a self-contradiction, an implication, a tautology (that is not also an implication) , or none of these.
- $$( q \wedge p ) \leftrightarrow \sim ( p \wedge q )$$

• A) Tautology
• B) Self-contradiction
• C) Implication
• D) None of these

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Definitions:

Genetic Bottleneck

An event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing, leading to a decrease in genetic diversity.

Founder Effect

A form of genetic drift that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population, leading to reduced genetic variation.

Genetic Drift

A mechanism of evolution that causes changes in allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling effects, particularly in small populations.

Bureaucracy

A rational and efficient form of organisation founded on logic, order and legitimate authority.