Determine Whether the Statement Is a Self-Contradiction, an Implication, a Tautology

question 111

Multiple Choice

Determine whether the statement is a self-contradiction, an implication, a tautology (that is not also an implication) , or none of these.
- $$[ ( p \vee q ) \vee r ] \rightarrow [ \sim r \wedge ( p \wedge q ) ]$$

• A) Tautology
• B) Self-contradiction
• C) Implication
• D) None of these

---

Definitions:

Fixation

A psychological term referring to the persistent focus of an individual's desire or interest on a specific object or idea.

Behaviorism

A psychological perspective focusing on observable behaviors and the ways they're learned, rather than on internal mental processes.

John B. Watson

An American psychologist who is considered one of the founders of behaviorism; he emphasized the importance of observable behaviors over internal processes.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.