Experimental Studies Use Blinding to Prevent Researchers from Biasing Theirmeasurements

question 17

Essay

Experimental studies use blinding to prevent researchers from biasing theirmeasurements of the subjects. In a study of a drug intervention, a clinician who was"blinded" was asked to guess what treatment each subject received. Data from thatexperiment are shown below. Suppose a person is to be chosen at random from thesubjects in this study.
a) What is the probability that the clinician made a correct guess for the selectedsubject?
b) What is the probability the selected subject received the drug treatment?
c) What is the probability the selected subject will be one for whom the cliniciancorrectly guessed as having received drug treatment?
d) What is the probability the selected subject will be one for whom the clinicianguessed correctly or who received the standard treatment?
e) What is the probability the selected subject will be one for whom the clinicianguessed correctly and who received the standard treatment?
f) In a few sentences, explain why the probabilities calculated in parts (d) and (e)differ.

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Definitions:

Psychology

The scientific study of the mind and behavior, encompassing various aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought processes.

Structuralism

A framework in psychology that emphasizes analyzing the basic elements of consciousness to understand the structure of the mind.

Functionalism

A theory in psychology that emphasizes the purpose and function of behavior and consciousness to adapt to the environment.

Introspection

The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes.