Juvenile Ground Squirrels Respond to Predators by Making What Are

question 21

Essay

Juvenile ground squirrels respond to predators by making what are known as "alarmcalls. These calls can alert others to danger. Newly weaned squirrels emerge fromthe nest at about 25 days of age. Do the squirrels emerge from the nest withautomatic responses to alarm signals, or are the responses learned?
To address thisquestion a biologist played recordings of alarm calls for three samples of groundsquirrels and observed their responses. She reasoned that if the pattern of responseswas the same for the different age groups the squirrels must be responding by instinct.On the other hand, if the responses differ with the age of the squirrels, the youngsquirrels may be learning to respond to the alarm calls. Her data for the responses to

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Definitions:

Journal Entries

The recordings of financial transactions in the bookkeeping system of a business, which include the debits and credits affecting the company's accounts.

Par Value

The nominal or face value of a share of stock as designated by the issuing corporation, playing a role in legal capital requirements.

Fair Value

The estimated market price of an asset or liability based on current market conditions and mutually agreed-upon conditions by a buyer and a seller.

Stock Issuance Costs

Expenses incurred by a company while issuing new shares of stock, including legal, accounting, and underwriting fees.