The Pre-Historic Development of Agriculture Is an Active Area of Research

question 4

Essay

The pre-historic development of agriculture is an active area of research amonganthropologists. The transition from a hunter-gatherer society to an agriculturalsociety is generally assumed to be signaled by an increase in cavities in teeth.Investigators recently studied teeth unearthed in two societies in Colorado:Basketmakers, societies living in small villages, and Post-Basketmakers, societiesliving in above-ground architectures such as pueblos. The investigators wereinterested in whether the shift in shelter was associated with a shift in consumptionfrom hunting (meat) to agriculture (maize). Data on the numbers of individuals withcavities are shown in the table below. Cavities tend to occur more among populationssubsisting primarily on agricultural products. You may assume that it is reasonable toregard these two samples as representative of teeth from these two populations.
a) Construct and interpret a 90% confidence interval for the difference in populationproportions of individuals with cavities, Basketmaker - Post-Basketmaker.
b) Interpret the 90% confidence level
c) Based on your results in parts (a) and (b), would you say that a shift inconsumption patterns is a reasonable conclusion on the part of the investigators?
Justify your response with statistical evidence from parts (a) and/or (b).

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Definitions:

Preventive Approach

Strategies aimed at stopping problems before they occur, focusing on risk reduction and early intervention.

Systemic Reforms

Comprehensive changes implemented to address and rectify deep-rooted issues within an organization, institution, or system.

Families in Crisis

Families in crisis are experiencing significant stress or problems that disrupt their normal functioning and well-being, often requiring external support or intervention.

First Five Programs

Initiatives focused on the development and education of children from birth to five years old, emphasizing the importance of early childhood development.