Answer the Question
- $$\text { How can the graph of } f ( x ) = - \frac { 1 } { x ^ { 2 } } - 4 \text { be obtained from the graph of } y = \frac { 1 } { x ^ { 2 } }$$

question 400

Multiple Choice

Answer the question
- $$\text { How can the graph of } f ( x ) = - \frac { 1 } { x ^ { 2 } } - 4 \text { be obtained from the graph of } y = \frac { 1 } { x ^ { 2 } }$$

• A) By making a horizontal shift of 4 units to the left and a vertical shift of 1 unit down
• B) By reflecting across the x-axis and making a vertical shift of 4 units down
• C) By making a horizontal shift of 1 unit to the right and a vertical shift of 4 units up
• D) By reflecting across the y-axis and making a horizontal shift of 4 units to the left

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcer

Any reinforcer that is naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need, such as hunger, thirst, or touch.

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

A fixed-ratio schedule is a type of operant conditioning reinforcement schedule where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses.

Variable-Ratio Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in which a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses, leading to high and steady response rates.

Continuous Schedule

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule where every instance of the desired behavior is reinforced.