Evaluate the Sum $$\sum _ { k = 1 } ^ { 4 } ( - 1 ) ^ { k \cdot - 3 k }$$

question 302

Multiple Choice

Evaluate the sum. Round to two decimal places, if necessary.
- $$\sum _ { k = 1 } ^ { 4 } ( - 1 ) ^ { k \cdot - 3 k }$$

• A) -6
• B) -30
• C) 81
• D) 30

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Definitions:

Dissolution

The process of a substance being dissolved by a solvent, leading to the formation of a solution.

Limestone

A sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), often formed from the skeletal fragments of marine organisms.

Karst Topography

A landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, characterized by underground drainage systems and sinkholes.

Sinkhole

A depression or hole in the ground caused by the collapse of a surface layer, often due to the dissolution of the underlying limestone, volcanic activity, or water drainage.