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Evaluate the expression.
-Let and . Evaluate .
Plasma Proteins
Proteins present in blood plasma that serve various functions, including transport, blood clotting, and immune responses.
Immunity
The ability of an organism to resist and fend off pathogens, diseases, and infections through the immune response.
Homeostasis
The self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.
Neuropeptides
Small protein-like molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other, often playing a role in pain, reward, food intake, learning, and memory.
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