Psychologists Have Found That People Are Generally Reluctant to Transmit $2 \times 2 = 4$

question 44

Essay

Psychologists have found that people are generally reluctant to transmit bad news to their peers. This phenomenon has been named the "MUM effect." To investigate the cause of the MUM effect, undergraduates at a university participated in an experiment. Each subject was asked to administer an IQ test to another student and then provide the test taker with his or her percentile score. (Unknown to the subject, the test taker was a bogus student who was working with the researchers.) The experimenters manipulated two factors, subject visibility and success of test taker, each at two levels. Subject visibility was either visible or not visible to the test taker. Success of test taker was either top 20% or bottom 20%. Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2 x 2 $2 \times 2 = 4$ xperimental conditions. Then the time (in seconds) between the end of the test and the delivery of the percentile score from
the subject to the test taker was measured. (This variable is called the latency to feedback.)
Describe the experiment, including the response variable, factors, factor levels, replications, and treatments.

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Definitions:

Admiration

A feeling of respect and approval for someone or something.

Servant Leadership

A leadership philosophy where the primary goal of the leader is to serve others, prioritizing the needs of the team and organization over their own.

Visionary Leadership

Leadership that is characterized by a clear vision, the ability to see what might be achieved in the future, and the capacity to inspire others to strive for that future.

Follower-Centred

An approach that focuses on the needs, interests, and well-being of the followers or subordinates in a leadership context.