Operations Managers Often Use Work Sampling to Estimate How Much $E ( y ) = \beta _ { 0 } + \beta _ { 1 } ^ { x }$

question 68

Essay

Operations managers often use work sampling to estimate how much time workers spend on each operation. Work sampling-which involves observing workers at random points in
time-was applied to the staff of the catalog sales department of a clothing manufacturer.
The department applied regression to data collected for 40 randomly selected working days.
The simple linear model $E ( y ) = \beta _ { 0 } + \beta _ { 1 } ^ { x }$ was fit to the data. The printouts for the analysis are given below:

TIME: $\quad y =$ Time spent (in hours) taking telephone orders during the day
ORDERS: $\quad x =$ Number of telephone orders received during the day

UNWEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES LINEAR REGRESSION OF TIME

$\begin{array}{l|c|c|c|c}\text { PREDICTOR } & & & & \\\text { VARIABLES } & \text { COEFFICIENT } & \text { STD ERROR } & \text { STUDENT'S T } & \text { P } \\\hline \text { CONSTANT } & 10.1639 & 1.77844 & 5.72 & 0.0000 \\\text { ORDERS } & 0.05836 & 0.00586 & 9.96 & 0.0000\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{lllr}\text { R-SQUARED } & 0.7229 & \text { RESID. MEAN SQUARE (MSE) } & 11.6175 \\\text { ADJUSTED R-SQUARED } & 0.7156 & \text { STANDARD DEVIATION } & 3.40844\end{array}$


$\begin{array}{l|r|r|r|c|c}\text { SOURCE } & \text { DF } &{\text { SS }} & \text { MS } & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{P} \\\hline \text { REGRESSION } & 1 & 1151.55 & 1151.55 & 99.12 & 0.0000 \\\text { RESIDUAL } & 38 & 441.464 & 11.6175 & & \\\text { TOTAL } & 39 & 1593.01 & & &\end{array}$

CASES INCLUDED 40 $\quad$ MISSING CASES 0

Conduct a test of hypothesis to determine if time spent (in hours) taking telephone orders during the day and the number of telephone orders received during the day are positively linearly related. Use $\alpha = .01$ .

---

Definitions:

Tractors

Heavy-duty vehicles designed primarily for off-road use in agriculture and construction to pull or power various equipment.

Minimize

The process of reducing or bringing something down to the smallest possible amount or degree.

Distances

The amount of space between two points, which can be measured in various units such as kilometers, miles, meters, or feet, important for logistics and planning.

Minimum Cost

The lowest possible expense incurred in the production or acquisition of goods or services without compromising quality.