Determine the Validity of the Following Argument $\begin{array} { l } q \rightarrow \sim p \\\frac { q } { \therefore \sim p }\end{array}$

question 13

Multiple Choice

Determine the validity of the following argument.
$\begin{array} { l } q \rightarrow \sim p \\\frac { q } { \therefore \sim p }\end{array}$

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid

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Definitions:

Negative Correlation

A statistical relationship between two variables where one variable increases as the other decreases.

Confounding Variables

Factors other than the independent variable that might cause changes in the dependent variable, potentially misleading the results of a study.

Original Variables

Fundamental or initial factors or conditions that can influence outcomes in scientific research or statistical analysis.

Reverse-scored Items

Questions in a survey or test designed in such a way that high values indicate the opposite of what is being measured, used to control for response bias.