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SCENARIO 4-12
A consulting firm that surveyed consumers' holiday shopping behavior found that the percentage of
consumers from the U.S., Canada, and China who said that they planned to spend more on holiday
shopping were 40%, 34% and 73%, respectively. The survey also found that the percentage of
consumers from the U.S., Canada, and China who said that they were willing to share personal
information with retailers in order to receive personalized offers from retailers were 55%, 46% and
72%, respectively. Assume that there are equal portions of consumers being surveyed from each of
the three countries, the survey results are good representations of the three populations of consumers,
and whether a consumer plans to spend more on holiday shopping is statistically independent of
whether he/she is willing to share personal information with retailers in order to receive personalized
offers from retailers.
-Referring to Scenario 4-12, if you randomly select a consumer from China, what is the
probability that the consumer plans to spend more on holiday shopping and is willing to share
personal information with retailers in order to receive personalized offers from retailers?
Succession
The progressive, natural change in an ecosystem's species composition over time, leading to ecological stability.
Facilitation Model
A concept in ecology where some species make conditions more suitable for the establishment and growth of other species in a habitat.
Tolerance Model
is a theory in ecology that describes how the ability of a species to tolerate environmental stress affects its success and distribution.
Inhibition Model
A concept used in various scientific disciplines, often referring to a process where one factor or substance decreases the rate or extent of a particular reaction or activity.
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