Four Brands of Baseball Bats Were Tested to Determine Which

question 44

Multiple Choice

Four brands of baseball bats were tested to determine which bat allowed hitters to hit a baseball farthest. Eight different batters were thrown 25 pitches while hitting with each of the four bats (assigned in random order) . The average distance of the five longest hits using each bat is shown in the table below. The goal is to determine if the average hit distance differs for the four brands of baseball bats. $$\begin{array}{l}\begin{array} { c | c | c | c | c } \text { Batter } & \text { Brand 1 } & \text { Brand 2 } & \text { Brand 3 } & \text { Brand 4 } \\\hline 1 & 307 & 315 & 300 & 275 \\2 & 310 & 317 & 305 & 285 \\3 & 335 & 335 & 330 & 302 \\4 & 325 & 328 & 320 & 300 \\5 & 300 & 305 & 295 & 270 \\6 & 345 & 350 & 340 & 310 \\7 & 312 & 315 & 308 & 300 \\8 & 298 & 302 & 295 & 288\end{array}\\\\\text { The ANOVA table output is shown here: }\\\\\begin{array} { c | c | c | c | c | c } \text { Source } & \text { DF } & \text { SS } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & \text { P } \\\hline \text { Batter } & 7 & 6227.4 & 946.77 & 39.70 & 0.0000 \\\text { Brand } & 3 & 4117.6 & 1372.54 & 57.55 & 0.0000 \\\text { Error } & 21 & 500.9 & 23.85 & & \\\text { Total } & 31 & 11245.9 & & &\end{array}\end{array}$$ Identify the test statistic that should be used for testing whether the average distance hit for the four brands of baseball bats differ.

• A) 39.7
• B) 23.85
• C) 57.55
• D) 0.0000

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Definitions:

Pre-contractual Problem

Issues that arise before a contract is finalized, often related to information asymmetry or negotiating terms.

Post-contractual Problem

Issues or disputes that arise after a contract has been signed and during its execution period.

Agency Costs

Costs incurred in principal–agent relationships; these costs are associated with moral hazard and adverse selection problems.

Adverse Selection

A situation in economics and insurance where the party on one side of the deal has more information than the party on the other side, leading to an imbalance and potentially unfair outcomes.