Use the Guidelines to Evaluate the Study

question 173

Multiple Choice

Use the guidelines to evaluate the study. From the information given, what is the biggest flaw in the study?
-A medical researcher randomly selects 500 Japanese people and 500 Americans. She questions the 1000 people. She finds that the Americans work longer hours on average and also that the
Americans have a higher rate of heart disease. She concludes that working longer hours is
Associated with a higher incidence of heart disease.

• A)Variables are hard to define/measure
• B)Selection bias
• C)The source
• D)Participation bias
• E)Confounding variables

Identify command-and-control policies and market-based policies for managing pollution.

Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of corrective taxes.

Comprehend the concept of transaction costs in resolving externality problems.

Differentiate between pollution permits and corrective taxes in internalizing externalities.

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Definitions:

Groupthink

A psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people, where the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.

Group Solidarity

The unity, shared purposes, and sense of belonging that members of a group feel toward each other and the collective.

Group Member

An individual who belongs to a group, sharing common goals or interests and participating in collective activities.

Obedience

The act of following orders or directions from an authority figure, often studied in psychology as a behavioural trait.