Preliminary Data Analyses Indicate That It Is Reasonable to Use $\alpha = 0.05$

question 5

Essay

Preliminary data analyses indicate that it is reasonable to use a t-test to carry out the specified hypothesis test. Performthe t-test using the P-value approach.
-Use a significance level of $\alpha = 0.05$ to test whether $\mu$ differs from12.3. The sample data consist of 20 scores for which $\bar { x } = 10.1$ and $s = 2.2$ . State the null and alternative hypotheses, compute the value of the test statistic, and find the P-value. State your conclusion.

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Definitions:

Flynn Effect

The observed rise in average IQ scores over successive generations, attributed to environmental factors such as improved education and nutrition.

Industrialized Countries

Nations that have highly developed industries and infrastructure, often characterized by higher standards of living, technology use, and economic output.

Statistical Artefact

An apparent result or trend in data that does not accurately reflect the true situation, often due to methodological errors or biases.

Heritability of IQ

The proportion of variation in intelligence within a population that can be attributed to genetic factors, often discussed in the context of nature versus nurture debates.