Determine the Null and Alternative Hypotheses for the Proposed Hypothesis $\mu _ { 1 }$

question 88

Multiple Choice

Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the proposed hypothesis test.
-The forced vital capacity (FVC) is often used by physicians to assess a person's ability to move air in and out of their lungs. It is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a deep breath. A Researcher wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean forced vital capacity For adults who are smokers is less than the mean forced vital capacity for adults who are former Smokers. He will use a paired sample to determine whether forced vital capacity increases, on Average, when adults stop smoking.

• A) Let \(\mu _ { 1 }\) denote the mean forced vital capacity for adults who are smokers and let \(\mu _ { 2 }\) denote the mean forced vital capacity for adults who are former smokers. The null and alternative hypotheses are \(\mathrm { H } _ { 0 } : \mu _ { 1 } > \mu _ { 2 }\) and \(\mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { a } } : \mu _ { 1 } < \mu _ { 2 }\).
• B) Let \(\mu _ { 1 }\) denote the mean forced vital capacity for adults who are smokers and let \(\mu _ { 2 }\) denote the mean forced vital capacity for adults who are former smokers. The null and alternative hypotheses are \(\mathrm { H } _ { 0 } : \mu _ { 1 } < \mu _ { 2 }\) and \(\mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { a } } : \mu _ { 1 } > \mu _ { 2 }\).
• C) Let \(\mu _ { 1 }\) denote the mean forced vital capacity for adults who are smokers and let \(\mu _ { 2 }\) denote the mean forced vital capacity for adults who are former smokers. The null and alternative hypotheses are \(\mathrm { H } _ { 0 } : \mu _ { 1 } = \mu _ { 2 }\) and \(\mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { a } } : \mu _ { 1 } < \mu _ { 2 }\).
• D) Let \(\mu _ { 1 }\) denote the mean forced vital capacity for adults who are smokers and let \(\mu _ { 2 }\) denote the mean forced vital capacity for adults who are former smokers. The null and alternative hypotheses are \(\mathrm { H } _ { 0 } : \mu _ { 1 } = \mu _ { 2 }\) and \(\mathrm { H } _ { \mathrm { a } } : \mu _ { 1 } > \mu _ { 2 }\).

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Definitions:

Ultimate Attribution Error

A cognitive bias where people attribute the positive behaviors of their own group to stable, internal characteristics and negative behaviors of out-groups to their inherent characteristics.

Ingroup Behaviour

Actions and norms exhibited by members within their own group, often characterized by solidarity and loyalty.

Sex Stereotypes

Generalized views or preconceptions about attributes or characteristics that are believed to be typical of males or females.

Racial Stereotypes

Generalized beliefs and expectations about individuals based solely on their race, often resulting in unfair judgments and discrimination.