Preliminary Data Analyses Indicates That Use of a Paired T-Test $\mathrm { H } _ { 0 } : \mu _ { 1 } = \mu _ { 2 }$

question 75

Essay

Preliminary data analyses indicates that use of a paired t-test is reasonable. Perform the hypothesis test by using eitherthe critical-value approach or the P-value approach as indicated. Assume that the null hypothesis is $\mathrm { H } _ { 0 } : \mu _ { 1 } = \mu _ { 2 }$
-A coach uses a new technique to train gymnasts. 7 gymnasts were randomly selected and their competition scores were recorded before and after the training. The results are shown below. $$\begin{array} { c | r r r r r r r } \text { Subject } & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } & \text { E } & \text { F } & \text { G } \\ \hline \text { Before } & 9.6 & 9.4 & 9.7 & 9.5 & 9.4 & 9.4 & 9.6 \\ \hline \text { After } & 9.7 & 9.6 & 9.7 & 9.4 & 9.5 & 9.7 & 9.4 \end{array}$$ At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the training technique is effective in raising scores? Use the P-value approach.

Discuss the role of environmental, physiological, and psychological factors in influencing aggression.

Explain the process of helping behavior and the factors that influence the likelihood of bystander intervention.

Identify the factors leading to and consequences of stereotype threat and how it affects behavior.

Understand the psychological mechanisms behind social comparison and how it affects individual decision-making in social contexts.

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Definitions:

New York

A state in the Northeastern United States known for its cultural, financial, and media influence, home to New York City, one of the largest cities in the world.

Antebellum Utopian Communities

Communities established in the United States before the Civil War, aiming to achieve a perfect social and political order.

Upper South

A region in the southeastern United States, traditionally including states like Virginia and Kentucky, known for a history deeply intertwined with slavery and the Civil War.

Liberty Party

A minor political party in the United States in the 1840s, which was an early advocate for the abolition of slavery.