Students Take a Math Test Before and After Tutoring Suppose That You Want to Use These Data to Perform

question 101

Essay

Students take a math test before and after tutoring. The data for a random sample of students is given below. $$\begin{array} { c | c c c c c c c c c } \text { Before } & 54 & 72 & 63 & 82 & 51 & 80 & 63 & 36 & 44 \\ \hline \text { After } & 68 & 70 & 67 & 78 & 55 & 83 & 63 & 52 & 40 \end{array}$$ Suppose that you want to use these data to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean score before the tutoring is lower than the mean score after the tutoring. Conduct preliminary graphical data analyses to decide whether it is reasonable to apply the paired t-test and whether it is reasonable to apply the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test or whether neither test is reasonable. If both tests are reasonable,which test would be preferable? Explain your thinking.

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Definitions:

Functionalism

A viewpoint in sociology that views society as an intricate system in which its components cooperate to foster unity and steadiness.

Ethnic Identification

The process by which individuals identify with a specific ethnic group, often shared through common cultural heritage or ancestry.

Cultural Retention

The act of preserving and maintaining the customs, traditions, languages, and practices of a culture by a group or society over time.

Authoritarian Personality

A personality type characterized by a strict adherence to conventional values and a submission to authority figures, combined with aggression toward those perceived as subordinate or outsider.